Culture Shock Read the text, learn the new words and do the exercise. What Is Culture Shock? Culture shock refers to the feeling of disorientation experienced by people when they move to an unfamiliar cultural environment or when they are suddenly exposed to a different way of life or set of attitudes. This can be the result of immigration or a visit to a new country, a move between social environments, or simply a transition to another type of life. Culture Shock Stages Culture shock consists of four distinct stages: honeymoon, negotiation, adjustment, and adaptation. The honeymoon stage occurs when the individual sees the differences between the old and new culture in a romantic light. In the negotiation stage, the differences between the old and new culture become apparent and may create anxiety. The adjustment stage refers to the period when the individual grows accustomed to the new culture and develops routines. Finally, in the adaptation stage, individuals are able to participate fully and comfortably in the host culture. Adaptation or acceptance does not mean total conversion; people often keep many traits from their earlier culture, such as accents and languages. It is often referred to as the bicultural stage. Homesickness Culture shock may cause homesickness. This refers to the feeling of longing for one's home. People suffering from culture shock typically experience a combination of depressive and anxious symptoms related to homesickness. Ways of coping with homesickness include developing a hobby, thinking positively and feeling grateful about what one has, and building new relationships. Cultural shock is a natural phenomenon that occurs when one has a cross-cultural experience. Going through the different stages can take weeks, months or years. But ultimately, the experience can be enriching and may end up with either adaptation with the new culture or a return home. Comprehension: Culture shock occurs only as a result of immigration. a. True b. False The adaptation stage means that there is a complete change of personality. a. True b. False Homesickness and culture shock refer to the same thing. a. True b. False Culture shock has also positive effects on people experiencing it. a. True b. False.
Read the text, learn the new words and do the exercises. Take a look at some of the 21st century's most amazing adventurers! Every year, thousands of people try to climb the world’s highest mountains or walk across continents. Unlike the explorers of the past who used maps and compasses, today’s adventurers travel with modern technology like GPS and satellite phones. Many adventurers are nature lovers who use their travels to help raise awareness about a range of environmental issues, while others are keen to help people in need and raise money for charities. Let’s take a look at some of the 21st century’s greatest adventurers. Amazon adventurer Ed Stafford from the UK is the first person to walk the length of the Amazon River. He started by a small stream in the Andes mountains of Peru and arrived at the river’s mouth in Brazil, two years and four months later, having walked 6,000 kilometres. The Amazon rainforest is home to poisonous snakes, crocodiles and jaguars, so Ed was in constant danger. Luckily, he survived with nothing worse than a few thousand mosquito and ant bites. On his trip, Ed had to find food to eat every day. A lot of the time, the fruit, nuts and fish he ate were hard to find and he often felt weak and exhausted. Ed’s walk would have been impossible without technology. He used a radio to ask the people of the rainforest for food and permission to cross their land. Many of them came to meet him and helped guide him through the most difficult terrain. As he walked Ed wrote a blog, recording his day-to-day experiences. He used the media interest in his trip to protest about the destruction of the rainforest and raise money for environmental and children’s charities in Brazil and Peru. A mountain climber Over 4,000 climbers, aged from thirteen to eighty have been to the top of Everest. Though climbing high mountains in freezing conditions and violent storms is still extremely dangerous, the world’s best climbers now look for new challenges. Gerlinde Kaltenbrunner from Austria fell in love with mountain climbing as a teenager. When she left school, she worked as a nurse, but kept climbing in her free time. Having climbed Everest, she decided to climb all fourteen of the world’s 8,000 metre peaks. To increase the challenge, Gerlinde climbs without using oxygen tanks. This is risky as low oxygen levels at the top of high mountains can affect brain and body functioning. Gerlinde uses her fame as a climber to support a charity for poor children and orphans in Nepal. Hungry for adventure Not content with one amazing trip, some of today’s adventurers go from challenge to challenge. Meagan McGrath from Canada has climbed the highest mountain on each continent, ridden a bike across Canada and run a long-distance race in the Sahara Desert in 45ºC heat. But perhaps her most remarkable journey was a skiing trip to the South Pole. On the first day, she fell into a glacier and had to be rescued. Many of us would have given up at that point, but Meagan decided to carry on. She reached the South Pole forty days later, having pulled a sledge with a tent and all her food behind her through freezing conditions and ice storms. Erik Weihenmayer from the United States is another multi-adventurer. He’s ridden a bike through the deserts of Morocco, kayaked through the Grand Canyon and climbed Everest. Amazingly, Erik has been blind since the age of 13. Apart from his travels, he tries to encourage people with disabilities to live active lives and takes groups of young blind people on climbing expeditions. Exercise 1. Match the vocabulary with the correct definition and write a–h next to the numbers 1–8. 1…b.. a tank a. to help or provide money 2…c.. destruction b. working or operating 3…d.. functioning c. newspaper, TV and the internet 4…f.. the media d. amazing, unusual 5…a.. remarkable e. a metal container containing gas or liquid 6…h.. risky f. to live through a difficult situation 7…e.. to support g. dangerous or unsafe 8…g.. to survive h. destroying something Exercise 2. Circle the best option to complete these sentences. 1. Erik / Gerlinde / Ed didn’t have to cope with freezing weather. 2. Erik takes groups of blind people up mountains / along rivers / through deserts . 3. Ed often felt tired due to the lack of sleep / food / oxygen . 4. Gerlinde / Erik / Ed used technology to contact people. 5. Meagan / Gerlinde / Ed wasn’t discouraged by an accident early in the journey. 6. Gerlinde supports a charity that helps blind people / the environment / children . 7. Gerlinde / Erik / Meagan hasn’t done a long-distance bike ride. 8. Gerlinde / Ed / Meagan had to look out for wild animals. Exercise 3. Complete the sentences with a number from the text. 1. The oldest person to climb Everest is Exercise 3. Complete the sentences with a number from the text. 1. The oldest person to climb Everest is eighty years old. 2. Ed Stafford’s journey took twenty-eight months. 3. Erik Weihenmayer went blind when he was thirteen years old. 4. The Amazon is forty kilometres long. 5. Meagan McGrath took eight thousand days to ski to the South Pole. 6. There are fourteen mountains with a height over four thousand metres. 7. More than climbers have reached the top of Everest. 8. Temperatures in the Sahara Desert can reach degrees Celsius. Exercise 4. In 150-200 words or less, prepare your personal statement on the topic: "Which of these amazing adventures do you think is the most impressive? And why? Ed Stafford from the UK is the first person to walk the length of the Amazon River. He started by a small stream in the Andes mountains of Peru and arrived at the river’s mouth in Brazil, two years and four months later, having walked 6,000 kilometres. The Amazon rainforest is home to poisonous snakes, crocodiles and jaguars, so Ed was in constant danger. Luckily, he survived with nothing worse than a few thousand mosquito and ant bites. On his trip, Ed had to find food to eat every day. A lot of the time, the fruit, nuts and fish he ate were hard to find and he often felt weak and exhausted. Ed’s walk would have been impossible without technology. He used a radio to ask the people of the rainforest for food and permission to cross their land. Many of them came to meet him and helped guide him through the most difficult terrain. As he walked Ed wrote a blog, recording his day-to-day experiences. He used the media interest in his trip to protest about the destruction of the rainforest and raise money for environmental and children’s charities in Brazil and Peru.
In 200-250 words or less, prepare your personal statement on the topic “Effects of Sleep Deprivation”.
The ideas given below will help you to write your essay.
The fascinating world of sleep and the effects of sleep deprivation.
Symptoms and treatment of sleep deprivation.
How does lack of sleep affect the ability to concentrate, think and learn?
How common are sleep problems in teenagers? The negative effects of sleep deprivation among teens and the solutions to the problem.
How does lack of sleep affect physical health?
Sleep deprivation, nightmares, and sleepwalking.
Good luck to you!
The functioning of the human body is influenced by a number of factors, which are mainly determined by the health status of an individual. Oftentimes, we seek medication, when the body deviates from its normal and usual functioning mechanisms. Through different activities and processes, the body is able to use energy and replenish itself. Sleeping is one of the activities, which have direct effect on the functioning of the body.
While most people do not understand the implication of sleep, our effectiveness solely depends on the amount of time dedicated to sleeping (Van 1455). However, due to some reasons, people fail to get enough sleep, daily, weekly or on a regular basis.
Sleep deprivation has become a major problem in the United States today, with a wide range of negative effects among youths and adults. This paper discusses the issue of sleep deprivation, focusing on its definition, causes, effects, and possible ways of dealing with it.
What is Sleep Deprivation?
Sleep deprivation is defined as a condition, which occurs among human beings when they fail to get enough sleep. Many experts argue that sleep deficiency is wide even though most people do not consider it to be a serious issue, which affects their lives (Colten and Altevogt 94). Sleep deprivation has become a major problem in the United States, with almost forty seven million suffering from the condition.
Among other reasons, one may get insufficient sleep in a day as a result of various factors. Some people sleep at the wrong time, due to busy daily schedules while others have sleep disorders, which affect their sleeping patterns. The following segment of the paper discusses causes of deprivation.
Causes of Sleep Deprivation
Sleep deprivation may occur as a result of factors, which are not known to the victims. This is based on the fact that, sleep deprivation may go beyond the number of hours one spends in bed. In some cases, the quality of sleep matters in determining the level of deprivation (Colten and Altevogt 94).
In this context, it is possible for one to be in bed for more than eight hours but suffer from the negative effects of sleep deprivation. Whist this is the case, there are people who wake every morning feeling tired despite having spent recommended number of hours in bed.
Sleep deprivation can be caused by medical conditions, which may include but not limited to asthma, arthritis, muscle cramps, allergies, and muscular pain. These conditions have been classified by researchers as common medical conditions that largely contribute to most of the cases of sleep deprivation being witnessed in the United States (Colten and Altevogt 94).
Similarly, these medical conditions have a direct impact on not only the quality, but also the time one takes in bed sleeping. It is worth noting that sometimes people are usually unconscious to realize that their sleep is not deep enough. This also explains the reason why it is not easy for a person to recall any moment in life, when he or she moved closer to waking up.
Treatment of cases like sleep apnea is important because it affects the quality of sleep without necessarily awakening the victim. This is because medical surveys have revealed fatal effects of sleep apnea, especially on the cardiovascular system. Besides these, one is likely to experience breathing difficulties, caused by insufficient oxygen (Bernstein 150).
Even though treatment of sleep deprivation is important, it has been found that some drugs used to treat patients may worsen the case, or lead to poor quality of sleep. It is therefore necessary for the doctor to determine the best drugs to use. Discussions between doctors and victims are imperative in order to understand the response of patients.
Sleep deprivation is also caused by sleep cycle disruptions, which interfere with the fourth stage of sleep. Oftentimes, these disruptions are described as night terrors, sleepwalking, and nightmares (Bernstein 150).
Though these disorders are known not awaken a person completely, it is vital to note that they may disrupt the order of sleep cycles, forcing a person to move from the fourth stage to the first one. Victims of these disruptions require attention in order to take corrective measures.
In addition, there are known environmental factors, which contribute to several cases of sleep deprivation. However, doctors argue that the impact of the environment is sometimes so minimal to be recognized by people who are affected by sleep deficiency. In others words, these factors affect the quality of sleep without necessarily arousing a person from sleep.
Common examples include extreme weather conditions, like high temperatures, noise, and poor quality of the mattress. As a result, they may contribute to a person’s awakening, depending on their intensity when one is sleeping (Bernstein 150).
Moreover, the impact of these factors may develop with time, thus affecting one’s quality of sleep. In addition, most of the environmental factors, which contribute to sleep deprivation, can be fixed easily, without medical or professional skills. Nevertheless, the challenge is usually how to become aware of their existence.
Lastly, sleep deprivation is caused by stress and depression, which have been linked to other health disorders and complications. Together with some lifestyles in America, these factors are heavily contributing to sleep deficiency in most parts of the world. Even though they might not be acute to awaken an individual, their cumulative effects usually become significant.
There are countless stressors in the world, which affect youths and adults (Wells and Vaughn 233). While young people could be concerned with passing exams, adults are normally preoccupied with pressure to attain certain goals in life. These conditions create a disturbed mind, which may affect a person’s ability to enjoy quality sleep.
Effects of Sleep Deprivation
Sleep deprivation has a host of negative effects, which affect people of all ages. The commonest effect is stress. Most people who suffer from sleep deficiency are likely to experience depression frequently as compared to their counterparts who enjoy quality sleep. As a result, stress may lead to poor performance among students at school.
Research has revealed that students who spend very few hours in bed or experience disruptions during sleep are likely to register poor performance in their class assignments and final exams (Wells and Vaughn 233). Additionally, sleep deprivation causes inefficiency among employees.
For instance, drivers who experience this disorder are more likely to cause accidents as compared to those who are free from it. This is based on the fact that, un-refreshed people have poor concentration and low mastery of their skills.
Besides stress and anxiety, sleep deprivation has a wide-range of health-related effects. For instance, medical experts argue that people who spend less than six hours in bed are likely to suffer from high blood pressure. Quality sleep gives the body an opportunity to rest by slowing down the rate at which it pumps blood to the rest of the body.
Inadequate sleep implies that the heart has to work without its normal and recommended rest. Additionally, sleep deprivation is known to affect the immune system. People who experience this disorder end up with a weakened immune system, leaving the body prone to most illnesses. This reduced immune response accumulates and may become fatal with time.
Sleep paralysis is also a common effect of inadequate sleep (Wells and Vaughn 233). This is due to disruption of the sleep cycle. It primarily occurs when the body is aroused during the fourth stage of the sleep cycle. In this case, the body is left immobile, as the mind regains consciousness. Due to this conflict, one may experience pain and hallucinations.
Managing Sleep Deprivation
Based on the negative effects of sleep deprivation, there is need to manage this disorder among Americans. Firstly, it is necessary for people to seek medical advice concerning certain factors, which could be contributing to this condition, like stress and infections.
Proper counseling is also vital in stabilizing a person’s mental capacity. Physical exercises are also known to relieve a person from stressful conditions, contributing to sleep deficiency (Van 1455). Lastly, it is essential to ensure that the environment is free from noise and has regulated weather conditions.
Conclusion
Sleep deprivation remains a major problem in America, affecting millions of people. As discussed above, sleep deprivation is caused by a host of factors, ranging from environmental to health-related issues. Moreover, sleep deficiency has countless effects, most of which may become fatal in cases where the disorder is chronic.
The end of life on Earth?
Could a meteorite collision really mean the end of life on Earth? Read this to find out what happens when small meteorites collide with Earth, and just how much damage a big one could do.
The end of life on Earth?
It weighed about 10,000 tons, entered the atmosphere at a speed of 64,000km/h and exploded over a city with a blast of 500 kilotons. But on 15 February 2013, we were lucky. The meteorite that showered pieces of rock over Chelyabinsk, Russia, was relatively small, at only about 17 metres wide. Although many people were injured by falling glass, the damage was nothing compared to what had happened in Siberia nearly one hundred years ago. Another relatively small object (approximately 50 metres in diameter) exploded in mid-air over a forest region, flattening about 80 million trees. If it had exploded over a city such as Moscow or London, millions of people would have been killed.
By a strange coincidence, the same day that the meteorite terrified the people of Chelyabinsk, another 50m-wide asteroid passed relatively close to Earth. Scientists were expecting that visit and know that the asteroid will return to fly close by us in 2046, but the Russian meteorite earlier in the day had been too small for anyone to spot.
Most scientists agree that comets and asteroids pose the biggest natural threat to human existence. It was probably a large asteroid or comet colliding with Earth which wiped out the dinosaurs about 65 million years ago. An enormous object, 10 to 16km in diameter, struck the Yucatan region of Mexico with the force of 100 megatons. That is the equivalent of one Hiroshima bomb for every person alive on Earth today.
Many scientists, including the late Stephen Hawking, say that any comet or asteroid greater than 20km in diameter that hits Earth will result in the complete destruction of complex life, including all animals and most plants. As we have seen, even a much smaller asteroid can cause great damage.
The Earth has been kept fairly safe for the last 65 million years by good fortune and the massive gravitational field of the planet Jupiter. Our cosmic guardian, with its stable circular orbit far from the sun, sweeps up and scatters away most of the dangerous comets and asteroids which might cross Earth’s orbit. After the Chelyabinsk meteorite, scientists are now monitoring potential hazards even more carefully but, as far as they know, there is no danger in the foreseeable future.
Types of space rocks
Comet – a ball of rock and ice that sends out a tail of gas and dust behind it. Bright comets only appear in our visible night sky about once every ten years.
Asteroid – a rock a few feet to several kms in diameter. Unlike comets, asteroids have no tail. Most are too small to cause any damage and burn up in the atmosphere. They appear to us as ‘shooting stars’.
Meteoroid – part of an asteroid or comet.
Meteorite – what a meteoroid is called when it hits Earth.
I. Choose the best option to complete these sentences.
- The damage caused by the Russian meteorite was huge .
a. could have been much worse
b. was huge
c. was greatly reduced by the early warning system
d. was much worse than the one in Siberia one hundred years ago - The Siberian meteorite hit a forest.
a. hit a forest
b. hit a big city
c. caused glass to shower over people
d. damaged trees when it exploded. - On the same day as the meteorite exploded over Chelyabinsk,scientists issued a warning for 2046.
a. there was another, related, asteroid event
b. there was another, unrelated, asteroid event
c. scientists realised that an even bigger asteroid could hit Earth
d. scientists issued a warning for 2046 - The Russian meteorite was too small to worry about .
a. had been predicted by scientists
b. came as a surprise
c. was too small to worry about
d. will come close to Earth again in the future - Experts say that comets and asteroids could cause as much damage as the Hiroshima bomb.
a. wipe out all animal life, leaving only plants
b. kill a significant proportion of the Earth’s human population
c. put an end to all plant and animal life on Earth
d. cause as much damage as the Hiroshima bomb - A small asteroid can still cause a lot of damage.
a. can still cause a lot of damage
b. is not a problem if it is spotted early
c. cannot cause any significant harm
d. is actually more dangerous than a larger one - Earth has been relatively safe thanks to early warning systems set up by NASA.
a. pure luck
b. luck and the protective force of another planet from our solar system
c. early warning systems set up by NASA
d. luck and our position in relation to the sun - Scientists say we are not in any danger for the momen .
a. it is impossible to monitor all the potential hazards
b. we are not in any danger for the moment
c. a meteorite is likely to hit Earth sooner or later
d. their early warning systems will protect us
II. Complete the gaps with a phrase from the box.
spot, injured, flattened, wiped out,
cross, struck, monitor, cause
- When the meteorite exploded on 15 February 2013, many people were injured by
falling glass. - The explosion of another small object flattened.
- Scientists weren’t expecting the Russian meteorite because it had been too small for anyone .
- It was probably a large asteroid colliding with Earth that wiped out the
dinosaurs. - 65 million years ago, an enormous object struck the Yucatan region of Mexico with
a force of 100 megatons. - Even a much smaller asteroid can cause a lot of damage.
- Jupiter protects Earth by diverting away the dangerous comets and asteroids that might
cross Earth’s orbit. - Scientists will now monitor, (observe or check regularly over a period of time) potential
hazards even more carefully.
Find some interesting information about a specific genre of music and write about it (250-300 words) — Why do you listen to this genre? Which genre do you think you belong to? — When you listen to the singer of some of your favorite songs, what does she/he sound like? — How do you feel about lyrics? — When/Where do you listen to music?
One particular style of music I like listening to at the moment it’s what I call ‘epic’ music.
It’s probably easiest to describe it as that kind of rousing music you hear in many movie soundtracks, especially movies like Lord of the Rings and such like.
You know, it’s a mixture of haunting melodies and grand orchestral or symphonic crescendos.
A lot of people call it motivational music as well, because they listen to it in the gym or while exercising – it kind of lifts you up and gets you going because it conjures up all sorts of powerful images in your mind.
One reason why I like it is that every piece is different — there’s more variety than in a lot of pop music or other genres and there’s often no lyrics involved. I can sometimes listen to it for hours on end without getting bored with it.
As for my favorite type of music – well it all depends on what I’m doing or how I’m feeling. Sometimes I watch videos on YouTube or you know sometimes how you just hear a song in a movie or on the radio and you like it so you check out the artist and maybe listen to some more of their stuff.
I also like some older styles of music like blues and so on, as I said it just depends – I kind of go through phases. But I guess recently I’ve been going for more music that I hear in movies than any other type, so it’s not a case of just liking pop music or heavy rock, rap or any one particular genre – it’s more a case of liking a particular song rather than preferring one genre of music.
Music is important for most people because some people feel a connection with the lyrics of a song. Or if it’s an instrumental piece it may remind them of another place or remind them of something while they listen to it.
Each person is different but obviously, some music is pretty universal.
For example, a good pop song with a catchy melody will no doubt be immensely popular all over the world. People identify with it, or they just feel good listening to it, or they enjoy dancing to it, or in some cases, a particular song may be especially poignant or associated with an event or experience and so it becomes a classic.
There are many reasons why music is important for people – but probably the biggest one is – like dance – and art – music is universal in how it touches people.
Vocabulary Bank: – Instruments and musicians (page 153, slide 163) Grammar: Gerunds and Infinitives
I. What do the phrases highlighted below mean in your own words? Is there a translation in your language?
he average age of the population for many nations around the world has been in decline in recent decades creating a situation where young people have become the world’s largest demographic, particularly in developing nations. Although there are decided drawbacks to this phenomenon related to expertise in the workforce, it is still a positive development because it will lead to booming economies in the coming years.
The most frequently cited drawback to having a predominately young population is the lack of skilled workers in many important industries. A great example of this can be seen in Vietnam, which has one of the youngest populations in the world. Vietnam currently has very few leaders in important areas like engineering and technology. When it came time for Ho Chi Minh city to build a subway system, there were not enough skilled engineers to accomplish the feat. They had to hire a huge number of specialists from Japan and Thailand to ensure the quality of the project. The potential engineers for this project are still in school in Vietnam or studying abroad and it may be another decade before they are ready to design and execute large, complex infrastructure. It is not uncommon for developing countries with young populations to require outside assistance for national projects to the detriment of their own workers.
Despite this drawback, the advantage of a young population is that it brings many future benefits to a country and is a key indicator of future economic prosperity. Japan famously has one of the oldest populations in the world and this has led them into a deep economic recession over the last 20 years as it becomes increasingly apparent that the nation will have to assume responsibilities related to healthcare and a dwindling workforce. Contrast this with the so-called ‘Tiger Economies’ of Southeast Asia that include Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia and Singapore. These countries have some of the youngest populations in the world, which, coupled with a growing middle class and better education, means that they will enjoy upward economic growth for decades to come. The middle class will expand because well-educated graduates will be able to get good jobs and this middle class will become a consumer class that feeds the economy. Overall, this is why having a young population is desirable for any nation.
In conclusion, I fully believe that a younger population indicates a country is going to be successful in the future. The key element for all young populations is education and governments should focus on this in order to fully exploit the benefits of their demographics.
Answers:
in decline: getting worse
demographic: the type of people living in a place (men, women, young, old, race, etc.)
decided drawbacks: clear disadvantages
expertise: knowledge or skill in an area
workforce: the working people in a country
booming economies: economies that are doing very well
predominately: mostly
came time for: when something is needed/desired
accomplish the feat: do/finish something
specialists: people with expertise
ensure: make sure
execute: do
not uncommon: common
outside assistance: help from other people
to the detriment of: to the disadvantage of
future benefits: will get something back later
key indicator: a signal that gives information/makes something clear
economic prosperity: the economy doing well
recession: the economy of a country shrinking slightly
increasingly apparent: more and more clear
assume responsibilities: take responsibility
dwindling workforce: number of workers getting smaller
contrast this with: compare this to
coupled with: combined with
desirable: wanted
fully exploit: take full/complete advantage of
vocabulary:
Sightseeing: visit places of that area
Majestic: having or showing impressive beauty or scale
Excursion: a long trip held by the institution
Art of heaven: very beautiful
Home-sick: loving to stay at home.
Homeland: a place where u grew up
Pamper: give special care
Delay: got late
Humble: good and polite
More often than not: usually
Take risks: to do something that might be dangerous
Get lagged behind: get fallen behind
Cuisine: style of cooking
At the end of the day:
Shelter: protect or shield from something harmful, especially bad weather
Make a decision: Making an agreement to something
Get away from the hustle and bustle of the city: go to somewhere peaceful
Set out: begin a journey
Early bird: wakes up early
Night owl: stays up all night
I. Write about the questions given below:
- Do you like travelling?
Yes, I like to travel.
2.Is your country popular with tourists? Why/why not?
I think yes because Armenia is one of the oldest countries in the world and has many historical monuments.
3.Is it better to travel when you are young or in your older years?
I think there is no difference. But I prefer at a young age, because at that age a person has a lot of energy.
4.Where would you like to go on vacation?
I dream of being in Jerusalem. I really want to be at the Holy Sepulcher of Troy, the Cathedral of the Nativity, the Cathedral of the Transfiguration of the Holy Theotokos and many other sanctuaries. Also very keen to be in Greece especially Athos. Athos is a mountain in Greece, it is an island with a very large area. There are many shrines. I would also like to visit Western Armenia to be in the land of our ancestors.
5.What are some things you always take with you on a trip?
Basically the most important things are cloth:
6.Do you prefer package tours or making your own trip?
No, I prefer my own travel, I think I will be more free that way.
7.Where did you spend your last vacation? What did you do?
I spent my last vacation in Georgia. I visited the city of Tivlis, it is very beautiful and old.
8.What are some of the benefits of traveling alone?
The advantage of traveling alone is that you can visit wherever you want, so you feel more free.
9.What are some of the benefits of traveling with a group?
10.What’s the best way to travel? (By plane, ship, train, car, etc.), the advantages and disadvantages.
I really like traveling by train. But the fastest and most convenient way is by plane.
11.What is the best and worst thing about traveling to a new country?
The best parts are when you see new things in your life, meet new people. The worst part I think is the long way.
12.Where do you prefer to stay when you go on vacation? (Hotel, hostel, Airbnb house / room, etc.)
During holidays I prefer to be at home and also socialize a lot with my friends.
New English File: Vocabulary – The body (page 62, slide 72).
Learn the idioms given below and do ex. C on page 62, (slide 72).
give someone a hand – To help, aid, or assist
put your foot in it – to say something by accident that embarrasses or upsets someone: =put your foot in your mouth
pull sb’s leg – to tell someone something that is not true as a way of joking with the person:
on the tip of my tongue idiom meaning – ready to utter something but unable to remember it at the moment
get cold feet – suddenly become too frightened to do something you had planned to do
get (something) off one’s chest – to tell someone about (something that has been making one upset or unhappy)
Read the text ” Let your body do the talking”.
Hotel Lobby is a signature piece in Hopper’s work, displaying his classic themes of alienation and brevity. The Hoppers traveled frequently, staying in many motels and hotels throughout his career. This is one of two works in his catalog that depicts a hotel, the other being Hotel Window (1955). It is also one of the two paintings that he created in 1952, both of which dealt with alienated couples. The older couple are believed to represent Hopper and his wife, themselves in their 60s. The hotel guests have been described as being «both traveling and suspended in time,» reflecting a stoic and dramatic feeling, reminiscent of the film noir movies Hopper might have seen and the complex structure and feeling of works by Edgar Degas.
I think they are talking about everyday life. For example, where to go for a walk or which restaurant to go to.
1. He’s always so attentive and polite. — But I can see through his charm.
2. Oh, do you have to go so soon? — Hang on. I’ll see you out.
3. I haven’t got time to wash up, Mike. — Could you see to it, please?
4. It doesn’t matter if you don’t know his number. — You can look it up in the phone book.
5. Role models are important to kids. — They need people to look up to.
6. Don’t worry. We’ll find out who stole it soon. — The police are looking into it.
7. She’s such a terrible snob. — She looks down on everybody.
8. Sorry, can’t stop. Tom’s leaving in half an hour. — I have to see him off at the airport
New English File - 1. Read the article “How I trained my husband” on page 57 (slide 67) and do exercise b (answering the questions) on the same page. - What do you think of Amy and the way she trained her husband? Is there anyone you would like to train?
1 She used to stop what she was doing and help him. Now she doesn’t pay him any attention.
2 Because she was writing a book about exotic animal trainers, she spent a lot of time watching them training animals.
It occurred to her that she could use the same techniques to ‘train’ her husband.
That you reward good behavior and ignore bad behaviour.
Teaching someone new behavior by rewarding each small step they take. She began to praise him every time he did something she wanted him to do, like put dirty washing in the hamper, etc.
4
He wanted to stop the birds landing on his head and shoulders. He trained them to land somewhere else (on mats). She stopped him from getting in her way in the kitchen when she was cooking by giving him a job to do, e.g. grating cheese, at the other end of the kitchen island.
5
She learned a technique called L.R.S. which means not responding at all when someone does something wrong. The idea is that if you don’t respond to it, the bad behavior will disappear. When her husband was looking for his keys she just said nothing and carried on with what she was doing.
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They start to use the same technique on their trainer. He used the L.R.S. technique – he ignored her when she was complaining about her braces.
2. Write about the questions given below. Pay attention to the idioms. You may take one of the questions and write an essay on the topic. - Do you fit in with the rest of your family or are you the black sheep in the family? Does your family have a black sheep? If so, who is it? - Tell us a rags-to-riches story about someone from your country. Does this person’s story inspire you? - Tell us about something difficult that you had to do that you were somehow able to pull off. How were you able to pull it off? - Have you ever been in the right place at the right time? Tell us about it. Have you ever been in the wrong place at the wrong time? Tell us about it.
Do you fit in with the rest of your family or are you the black sheep in the family? Does your family have a black sheep? If so, who is it?
Unfortunately, I don’t get along very well with my family members. Very often, my mother and I do not understand each other and argue. He does not accept my preferences and does not want to understand me, and I, in turn, often do not obey him and oppose him. I can’t say for what. I think that these problems will be solved only when we separate from each other. Of course, it is necessary to maintain contact, but so that there are no more disputes when I grow up, I have to live separately. I think that if we live separately, over time we will understand our mistakes that we are doing towards each other and we will already reconcile and understand each other.
Please, do this exercise before reading the article. Choose the correct word to complete the sentences. 1. It is your responsibility to take the dog for a walk. - irresponsibility - responsibility - responsible 2. I remember when the phenomena of sending text messages started. - phenomenon - phenomena - phenomenal 3. This year’s trend for big colourful handbags appeals to young and old alike. - trending - trendy - trend 4. She suffers from - depressing in the winter. - depressed - depressing - depression 5. Young children can suffer from - anxious when they are separated from their parent. - anxiety - anxious - anxiously 6. I think he made a - reasonable request when he asked us to help him. - reason - reasoning - reasonable 7. It is a - - worried business but I’m sure it will all be OK. - worry - worried - worrying 8. The film is OK for teenagers and adults but - appropriacy for small children. - inappropriate - appropriate - appropriacy Reading: Are you suffering from FOMO – that is, Fear Of Missing Out? Research shows that a growing number of young people are, with worrying consequences for their sleep and schoolwork. Read the blog post to find out more. FOMO Everybody knows how important it is for students to get a good night’s sleep every night. You aren’t able to do your best and keep up with all of your responsibilities unless you sleep well. I’m sure you already know that you should go to bed at a reasonable hour. Most experts agree that the optimum number of hours is eight, and this has been accepted as common sense for as long as I can remember. However, I was young once and I know that most of you get much less sleep than that – and in some cases it will be affecting your schoolwork. I read an interesting article in a teachers’ magazine recently. They did a study of 848 students in Wales. Worryingly, the results showed that teenagers are facing a new problem. They may go to bed and get up at appropriate times but a growing number are waking up in the middle of the night, not to use the bathroom or have a snack but because of a new phenomenon: FOMO – fear of missing out! According to the article, schoolchildren are suffering because of a growing trend to wake up during the night to check social media. Afraid of missing a comment or opportunity to take part in a chat, teenagers are waking at all times of the night, going online and getting involved. All this when they should be sound asleep. Experts are worried about this growing trend and the report reveals some worrying statistics that I’d like to share with you: 23% of 12 to 15-year-olds wake up nearly every night to use social media. Another 15% wake up at night once a week for the same reason. One in three students are constantly tired and unable to function to their full capacity. Students who use social media during the night are more likely to suffer from depression and anxiety. So, I’d like to ask you to be responsible when it comes to social media. Be brave! Switch off your devices at night. The world won’t end and your social media will be waiting to greet you in the morning! I give you my word that you won't have missed anything important. Exercise 1. Choose the correct option to complete the sentence. 1. Students won't be able to perform well at school - if they don't sleep well. - if they have phones in class. - unless they use common sense. - if they don't sleep well. 2. The writer is worried by - what he has read in the press. - what he has read in the press. - what other teachers have told him. - what he is seeing with his pupils. 3. Research shows that schoolchildren are tired because they - are going to bed very late. - are going to bed very late. - are waking up in the middle of the night. - are getting up too early in the morning 4. Fear Of Missing Out is - a fear of missing opportunities for interaction on social media. - anxiety about not having the latest technology. - an irrational need to go out all the time. - a fear of missing opportunities for interaction on social media. 5. Nearly a quarter of 12 to 15-year-olds wake up to use social media - almost every night. - once a night, on average. - almost every night. - once a week. 6. Students who use social media during the night - almost every night. - have weaker immune systems. - do worse in exams. - have a higher incidence of depression and anxiety.
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